This job goes without saying. Pun intended! :)
Missionaries must learn the language of the people they are ministering to!
When
my husband arrived in South Africa in 2004 to work in the villages of the
Tsonga people (before we were married), he knew no other missionaries
working with the Tsonga people who could teach him the language. There
was no language school or Rosetta Stone digital course.
Thankfully,
South Africa's national language is English, so several of the
nationals had a working grasp of English, some better than others. Seth
asked a national pastor that was his sole link to the village to teach
him Tsonga. This worked--like a broken wheel--bumpy and uncomfortable
for both.
The national pastor, although fluent of course in his
native tongue, did not know how to explain the rules and logic of Tsonga
to a non-native learner. Would you know how to explain the logic of
English to an ESL speaker? And Seth did not know at the time how to
teach another person to teach him the language. (Now we have a much
better idea of how to tutor someone to tutor us!) Eventually in
frustration, the pastor explained that Tsonga was like Greek--no rules,
see? Okay, so Seth was back on his own.
Again thankfully, those
stronger and better than us had gone before. Swiss missionaries
translated the entire Bible into Tsonga in 1907, and so Seth had a Bible
and a dictionary in Tsonga, which helped immensely.
My favorite
missionary heroes are those linguists who pull a language out of the air
and put it into writing for the first time--who labor for years to put
the Bible into someone else's language. How can we measure the worth of
those who have gone before us making our work so much easier? My eyes
teared up recently reading a book for children about missionary
translation work called
God Speaks Numanggang,
by missionary-turned-homeschool-curriculum-provider David Hazell.
Frontline missionaries who sweat to translate the Bible are heroes.
Praise them with great praise!
So Seth read through Romans and
other books of the Bible verse by verse with teen boys, trying to match
his accent to their tone. But he still didn't understand the structure
of the language.
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| Early days: Two teen boys helping to translate into Venda and Tsonga--not ideal! |
Well
into his first year, he received a tip from an Afrikaner (white South
Africans--another thing to be thankful for in this country!) about
another Afrikaner who worked for the South African Bible Society for
years, mainly in the Venda language, another language prevalent in the
villages around us. This man helped to translate the second version of
the Venda Bible. He could even preach in Venda. Seth got his contact
details and went to visit him.
 |
| Here he is--a modern-day hero that the world does not know. |
This was
the
game-changer. In order to learn the language, we often need help from
those who have already done it! This man told Seth of a little grammar
book that the old Swiss missionaries had written called
Everyday Tsonga, which Seth could purchase at a little Indian shop in a nearby town.
Seth
did that immediately, and it opened up to him the structure of the
sub-Saharan languages--the African languages south of the Saharan
desert. Lesson 7--oh how we praise God for it! It's called "Classes of
Nouns and Their Prefixes." Exciting, huh? :)

Each
lesson had a grammatical term with a "rule" listed underneath. Yes.
Every language has rules. :) Here's how lesson 7's rule began: "In
Tsonga...all nouns are divided into different classes....It is important
that this system of noun-classes should be mastered thoroughly, as it
is the key to a correct speaking of the language. As we progress, we
shall see that any adjective, pronoun, or verb, which stands in relation
to a certain noun in a sentence, is connected with that noun by means
of the repetition of its prefix in one form or another; so that one can
say that it is the noun, which rules the whole sentence." The lesson goes on to give examples.
Oh, sweet relief! To our English
minds, the verb really rules the sentence. We had no concept for nouns
ruling the sentence. But African languages are riddled with tiny little
words called "concords" that connect subjects to verbs, get attached to
adjectives, and act as the pronoun. If you don't know the concordial
system, you can't learn the language!
For example:
In English, we would say, "The bread is good." But in Tsonga, they say, "The bread
it is good." And the "it" changes depending on what the subject is. "It" also changes for adjectives like "big" or "small."
Before
this grammar book, Seth could not figure out the rhyme or reason for
all of these little words throughout the Tsonga language. He would try
one version of "it," only to be told that for "bread" it was "xi." So
then he would apply "xi" to a person or a table, only to be told that it
was "u" or "ri" respectively. He was constantly guessing wrong and
didn't know what all those little words meant to the language. It was
utterly confusing. Now it seems so obvious to us--now that we have the
key!
Since then, we have both learned Tsonga (almost fluently) and
bits of Venda (which I have forgotten, but Seth can speak passingly),
and now Seth is trying to pick up bits of Shona in order to reach some
of the Zimbabweans who have flooded our province of South Africa. Each
succeeding African language is easier to learn after jumping the hurdle
of the first one.
If you look back on your life, I'm sure you have
your own stories of God's providence--literally, His "seeing before."
How we learned Tsonga is one story in which we bless God for His
providence--His "seeing before" in providing those clever Swiss
missionaries to translate the Bible, publish a Tsonga grammar book (in
English!), and guiding our steps to meet the people who would introduce
us to the grammar.
And now we have begun on our journey to being a linguist--one of the most important jobs of a missionary!
How did you learn the language?
More to come...